学校名称： 意大利米兰理工大学 Politecnico di Milano

　　所在位置：意大利，Piazza L. da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milano - P.IVA 04376620151 - CF 80057930150

　　QS排名：170

　　USNEWS排名：303

　　录取率：0.537

　　米兰理工大学是意大利规模最大的工程、建筑和工业设计类大学，是同领域欧洲排名最高的最优秀的大学之一。下面是出国留学网整理并翻译的米兰理工大学基本概况，供大家参考。

　　一、关于米兰理工大学

　　In Italy the term "Politecnico" means a state university consisting only of study programmes in Engineering, Architecture and Design.

　　With approximately 40,000 students, Politecnico di Milano is the Italian largest university for Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design and it is ranked as one of the most outstanding European universities in these fields.

　　The university has seven campuses located in Milan and in other nearby Italian cities. It is organised in 12 Departments, devoted to research and in 4 Schools, devoted to education.

　　Thanks to a strong internationalization policy, many programmes are entirely taught in English, thus attracting an ever-increasing number of talented international students, who form a diverse community from more than 100 countries.

　　Some of the most renown Italian scientists and architects studied and taught at Politecnico di Milano. Among them, Renzo Piano and Aldo Rossi, both Pritzker Price, and Giulio Natta, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963.

　　Politecnico di Milano is member of IDEA League, a strategic alliance among five leading European universities of technology that aims to educate a new generation of Engineers with extra-curricular activities for selected, highly talented students.

　　在意大利，Politecnico(理工大学)的意思是仅提供工程、建筑和设计专业课程的州立大学。

　　米兰理工大学有近4万名学生，是意大利规模最大的工程、建筑和工业设计类大学，也是同领域欧洲排名最高的最优秀的大学之一。

　　米兰理工大学有七个校区，分布在米兰和其他附近城市。学校下分12个部门和4个学院。其中，部门专注从事研究，学院致力于教学。

　　由于学校有力的国际化政策，米兰理工大学的许多课程完全是用英语授课，吸引了越来越多的优秀留学生。他们来自100多个国家，组成了一个多样化的社区。

　　意大利一些最著名的科学家和建筑师都曾在米兰理工大学工作或学习过。其中有伦佐·皮亚诺和阿尔多·罗西，两位都是普利兹克奖得主，以及纳塔(1963年诺贝尔化学奖得主)。

　　米兰理工大学是IDEA联盟的一个成员。该联盟由五所欧洲顶尖的理工类大学组成，是一个战略联盟，旨在通过为优秀和有才能的学生提供各种课外活动培养新一代工程师。

　　Faculty staff and students

Number of academic faculty staff		Number of students		Number of international students
In total	1500	In total	36277	In total	5593
International	231	Postgraduate	41%	Postgraduate	73%
		Undergraduate	59%	Undergraduate	27%

　　师生人数

专业教员人数		学生人数		国际学生人数
总共	1500	总共	36277	总共	5593
国际教员	231	研究生占比	41%	研究生占比	73%
		本科生占比	59%	本科生占比	27%

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　　二、米兰理工大学的历史

　　1.RCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS THROUGHOUT HISTORY

　　In ancient times, and well into the Middle Ages, builders were known as architects or mechanics. The name engineer first appeared around the twelfth century: those who were involved in the maintenance of roads and waterways and the construction of the first registers were called public aestimatores, libellatores aquarum and inzigneri.

　　A decree of Lodovico il Moro made a distinction between the magistri fabrorum, engineers and architects, and aestimatores and surveyors, establishing lower rates for the latter.

　　2.HE BOARD OF ENGINEERS

　　From the mid-sixteenth century the State of Milan charged the Board of Engineers with the task of "licensing" engineers. This corporate body was responsible for protecting the profession and verifying that the candidate possessed the necessary professional skills (gained through internships) and the birthright (a member of a socially distinct family) required to practice the profession. With the arrival of Napoleon, the Board of Engineers was suppressed and engineers received their scientific training at universities and were required to perform an internship at the firm of a certified engineer.

　　1.意大利史上的建筑师和工程师

　　在意大利，从古代到中世纪，建筑者都被视为建筑师或者修理工。工程师的名字最早出现于12世纪，指的是那些参与公路或水路维修的人们。而最早的登记员的建筑则被称为public aestimatores, libellatores aquarum 和 inzigneri。

　　在magistri fabrorum、工程师、建筑师、 aestimatores 和测量员之间存在着区别，也就是越往后级别越低。

　　2.工程师董事会

　　从16世纪中期起，米兰公国就让工程师董事会承担了为工程师发许可证的责任。这个法人团体负责保护工程行业，负责核实工程师候选人是否具备了工程行业所需的职业技能(通过做学徒获得)和出身地位(要求有优越的家庭背景)。在拿破仑入侵之后，工程董事会遭到了镇压，工程师们只得在大学接受科学训练，并且，被要求在合格工程师的企业里实习。

　　3.HE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE "ISTITUTO TECNICO SUPERIORE" AND ITS FOUNDER FRANCESCO BRIOSCHI

　　The evolutionary ferment that swept across Lombardy in the 1830's, dampened nonetheless by numerous political, social and economic limitations, caused intellectuals who were more attentive to what was happening in Europe to see intelligence as an economic factor on par with capital, labour and infrastructures. Groups of business owners more aware of the needs of modern agriculture and the growing manufacturing activities, in addition to intellectuals and economists committed to promoting the country's modernisation process were in favour of developing technical and scientific education, referred to as "one of the main sources of progress".

　　Upon its establishment, Politecnico became the hub of all educational and outreach initiatives in the technical and scientific world, the dynamic centre of applied research and a place where businesses could turn to for third party experimentation and testing.

　　4.HE EARLY STUDENT BODY AND FEW FEMALE STUDE[FS:PAGE]NTS

　　In the first year the university counted approximately thirty students plus seven auditors, students admitted to individual courses "for the purpose of acquiring those requisites, for the lack of which they could not be accepted this year as students, and to prepare themselves for the following year". The first graduates, dating back to 1865, were 25. The number of students and graduates progressively grew in subsequent years leading up to World War I. Towards the end of the 1880's, coinciding with the launch of the industrialisation process, the number of industrial engineers (a minority up until then) began increasing and at the end of the century their numbers equalled and surpassed that of civil engineers. During the same years the first female students attended the school. The first female student, Tatiana Wedenison, enrolled in 1888. However, the first woman to graduate in civil engineering, Gaetanina Calvi, did not come until 1913. A few years later, in 1918, Maria Artini received a degree in industrial engineering, the first female electrical technician in Italy. In the field of architecture, the first female graduates, Carla Maria Bassi and Elvira Morassi, date back to 1928. In the years that followed, the attendance of female students at Politecnico was a regular presence although in limited numbers and in the mid-1940's out of approximately nine thousand five hundred graduates, the number of women was only one hundred or so.

　　3.STITUTO TECNICO SUPERIORE的建立及其创始人FRANCESCO BRIOSCHI

　　19世纪30年代在伦巴第蔓延的革命烈焰虽然由于政治、社会和经济等方面的种种限制而被压制，但是迫使那些对欧洲发生的变革持观望态度的知识分子得不得将智力视为与资本、劳动和基础设施同等，将智力视为与资本、劳动和基础设施同等的经济因素。在知识分子和经济学家致力于推动意大利现代化进程的同时，那么清晰认识到现代农业和日益增长的制造业需求的企业主团队，则更加青睐技术和科学教育，将技术和科学教育视为“进步的主要来源之一”。

　　理工大学建立之后，即成了科技领域所有教学和服务活动的聚集地，成了应用研究的生动活泼的中心。在这里，商人们可以向第三反寻求实验和测试。

　　4.早期的学生群体和女学生

　　在开课的第一年，米兰理工大学只有三十名学生和七名旁听者。学校将学生招入单门课程，目的是为了让学习获得被学校认可为学生所需的条件，并为他们下一年的学习打下基础。第一批毕业生毕业于1865年，当时有25岁。在接下来的几年里，学生和毕业生的人数显著增加，直到第一次世界大战。时间回到19世纪80年代末，当时工业化才开始，但当时作为少数人的工业工程师人数已开始增加，到19世纪末，工业工程师的人数已追平并超过了土木工程师。在同一时间内，米兰理工大学招收了第一批女学生。第一位女学生叫Tatiana Wedenison，注册于1888年。不过，土木工程专业的第一个女毕业生要等到1913年才来到，她叫Gaetanina Calvi。几年之后的1918年，女学生Maria Artini 获得可工业工程学位，她也是意大利第一位电力工程女技术员。在建筑学方面，第一批女毕业生毕业于1928年，只有两名学生，分别是Carla Maria Bassi 和 Elvira Morassi。自那以后，米兰理工大学的女学生成了学校正式招生的一部分，虽然人数有限。到20世纪40年代中期，在近9千5百名毕业生中[FS:PAGE]，女毕业生也还只有1百人左右。